بررسی تاثیر شبکه دانش بر عملکرد نوآوری محصول با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری (مطالعه موردی:شرکتهای تجارت الکترونیک استان اصفهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشگاه علوم تحقیقات

چکیده

کسب دانش جدید، علاوه بر ایجاد مزیت رقابتی برای سازمانها موجب ارتقاء عملکرد سازمانی نیز میشود. شبکههای دانشی، یکی از منابع اصلی کسب دانش در هر سازمان محسوب میشوند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه مدیریت شبکه دانش و عملکرد نوآوری محصول انجام شد. برای این منظور، ابتدا یک چارچوب مفهومی از عملکرد نوآوری محصول با توجه به مولفههای مدیریت دانش و راهبردهای توسعه محصول ارائه گردید و در ادامه، تاثیر تمرکز راهبردی بر توسعه محصولات جدید و عملکرد نوآوری محصول از نقطه نظر دانش فنی، دانش رقابتی و  دانش مشتری مورد بررسی تجربی قرار گرفت. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کارشناسان فناوری اطلاعات شرکتهای تجارت الکترونیک استان اصفهان و خبرگان دانشگاهی در حوزه مدیریت دانش و نوآوری (جهت بررسی روایی محتوا) تشکیل میدهند. برای آزمون مدل مفهومی، روش معادلات ساختاری و نرم افزار AMOS و برای تایید شاخصها و روایی سازه، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد نوآوری محصول از مدیریت شبکههای دانشی ایجاد میشود. همچنین مشخص گردید که برخی از  راهبردهای توسعه محصول بر عملکرد نوآوری محصول و شبکههای دانشی تاثیر معناداری دارند. از بین راهبردهای توسعه محصول، راهبرد افزایشی هیچگونه تاثیر معناداری بر عملکرد نوآوری محصول ندارد. همچنین شبکههای دانشی بر عملکرد نوآوری محصول تاثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Impacts of Knowledge Network on Product Innovation Performance Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Case Study of E-Commerce Companies in Isfahan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shohre Nasrabadi 1
  • Elham Fallah 1
  • Samaneh Shirani 2
1 Tarbiat Modares University
2 Science and Research Branch
چکیده [English]

Acquiring new knowledge enables organizations to gain competitive advantage and improves their organizational performance. Knowledge networks are among the main sources of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and product innovation performance. To do so, a conceptual framework of product innovation performance is proposed with respect to the factors of knowledge management and product development strategies. Next, the impact of strategic focus on new product development and product innovation performance is empirically studied from the perspective of technical knowledge, customer's knowledge and competitive knowledge. The statistical population is selected from IT experts in the field of knowledge management and innovation, working for e-commerce companies in Esfahan province, Iran, and academics of the field. In this study, structural equation modeling and AMOS software are used to examine and test the conceptual model, and exploratory factor analysis is used to confirm the validity of the research criteria and structural validity. The results show that product innovation performance is created by knowledge management systems. The findings also reveal that some product development strategies have significant impacts on product innovation performance and knowledge networks. Among product development strategies, incremental strategy has no significant impacts on product innovation performance. Also, knowledge networks have a significantly positive effect on product innovation performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • knowledge management
  • knowledge networks
  • innovation management
  • new product development
  • structural equation modeling
  • e-commerce companies in Isfahan province
Argote, L. (2012). Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge: Springer.
Atuahene-Gima, K., & Ko, A. (2001). An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation Alignment on Product Innovation. Organization Science, 12(1), pp. 54-74. doi: 10.1287/orsc.12.1.54.10121
Atuahene-Gima, K., & Murray, J. Y. (2007). Exploratory and Exploitative Learning in New Product Development: A Social Capital Perspective on New Technology Ventures in China. Journal of International Marketing, 15(2), pp. 1-29. doi: 10.1509/jimk.15.2.1
Bradley, M. (2000). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. New Library World, 101(6), pp. 282-287.
Brockman, B. K., & Morgan, R. M. (2003). The role of existing knowledge in new product innovativeness and performance. Decision Sciences, 34(2), pp. 385-419.
Brown, S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1995). Product development: past research, present findings, and future directions. Academy of management review, 20(2), pp. 343-378.
Chen, H. H., Kang, H.-Y., Xing, X., Lee, A. H. I., & Tong, Y. (2008). Developing new products with knowledge management methods and process development management in a network. Computers in Industry, 59(2–3), pp. 242-253. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2007.06.020
Cheng, C.-F., Chang, M.-L., & Li, C.-S. (2013). Configural paths to successful product innovation. Journal of Business Research, 66(12), pp. 2561-2573. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.10.006
Chwastyk, P., & Kołosowski, M. (2014). Estimating the Cost of the New Product in Development Process. Procedia Engineering, 69(0), pp. 351-360. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.243
Clark, K. B. (1991). Product development performance: Strategy, organization, and management in the world auto industry. Harvard Business Press.
Cooper, R. G. (1979). The dimensions of industrial new product success and failure. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(3), p. 93.
Cooper, R. G. (1979). Identifying industrial new product success: Project NewProd. Industrial Marketing Management, 8(2), pp. 124-135.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1987). New products: what separates winners from losers? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 4(3), pp. 169-184.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1995). Benchmarking the firm’s critical success factors in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 12(5), pp. 374-391. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0737-6782(95)00059-3
Danneels, E. (2002). The dynamics of product innovation and firm competences. Strategic management journal, 23(12), pp. 1095-1121.
Davenport, T. H., Harris, J. G., & Kohli, A. K. (2001). How do they know their customers so well? Sloan Management Review, 42(2), pp. 63-74.
de Medeiros, J. F., Ribeiro, J. L. D., & Cortimiglia, M. N. (2014). Success factors for environmentally sustainable product innovation: a systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65(0), pp. 76-86. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.035
Dougherty, D., & Hardy, C. (1996). Sustained product innovation in large, mature organizations: Overcoming innovation-to-organization problems. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), pp. 1120-1153.
Ernst, H. (2002). Success Factors of New Product Development: A Review of the Empirical Literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(1), pp. 1-40. doi: 10.1111/1468-2370.00075
Gloet, M., & Terziovski, M. (2004). Exploring the relationship between knowledge management practices and innovation performance. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 15(5), pp. 402-409.
Gmelin, H., & Seuring, S. (2014). Determinants of a sustainable new product development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 69(0), pp. 1-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.053
Goedhuys, M., & Veugelers, R. (2012). Innovation strategies, process and product innovations and growth: Firm-level evidence from Brazil. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 23(4), pp. 516-529. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2011.01.004
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. J. Manage. Inf. Syst., 18(1), pp. 185-214.
Golder, P. N. (2000). Insights from senior executives about innovation in international markets. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 17(5), pp. 326-340. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0737-6782(00)00053-9
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic management journal, 17, pp. 109-122.
Gruner, K. E., & Homburg, C. (2000). Does customer interaction enhance new product success? Journal of Business Research, 49(1), pp. 1-14.
Henard, D. H., & Szymanski, D. M. (2001). Why Some New Products Are More Successful Than Others. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(3), pp. 362-375. doi: 10.1509/jmkr.38.3.362.18861
Im, S., Nakata, C., Park, H., & Ha, Y.-W. (2003). Determinants of Korean and Japanese New Product Performance: An Interrelational and Process View. Journal of International Marketing, 11(4), pp. 81-112. doi: 10.1509/jimk.11.4.81.20149
Johannessen, J.-A., & Olsen, B. (2003). Knowledge management and sustainable competitive advantages: The impact of dynamic contextual training. International Journal of Information Management, 23(4), pp. 277-289.
Kok, R. A. W., & Biemans, W. G. (2009). Creating a market-oriented product innovation process: A contingency approach. Technovation, 29(8), pp. 517-526. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2008.12.004
Kowang, T. O., Long, C. S., & Rasli, A. (2014). New Product Development Framework for Multinational Multi-locations based Organizations in South East Asia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129(0), pp. 68-74. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.649
Kraiczy, N. D., Hack, A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2014). New product portfolio performance in family firms. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), pp. 1065-1073. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.06.005
Krishnan, V., & Ulrich, K. T. (2001). Product Development Decisions: A Review of the Literature. Management Science, 47(1), pp. 1-21. doi: doi:10.1287/mnsc.47.1.1.10668
Li, T., & Calantone, R. J. (1998). The impact of market knowledge competence on new product advantage: conceptualization and empirical examination. The Journal of marketing, pp. 13-29.
López-Nicolás, C., & Meroño-Cerdán, Á. L. (2011). Strategic knowledge management, innovation and performance. International Journal of Information Management, 31(6), pp. 502-509. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.02.003
Madhavan, R., & Grover, R. (2009). From embedded knowledge to embodied knowledge: new product development as knowledge management. The Journal of marketing, pp. 1-12.
McEvily, S. K., & Chakravarthy, B. (2002). The persistence of knowledge-based advantage: an empirical test for product performance and technological knowledge. Strategic Management Journal, 23(4), pp. 285-305. doi: 10.1002/smj.223
Okatan, K. (2012). Managing Knowledge for Innovation and Intra Networking: A Case Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62(0), pp. 59-63. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.012
Ottum, B. D., & Moore, W. L. (1997). The role of market information in new product success/failure. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 14(4), pp. 258-273. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0737-6782(97)00013-1
Parry, M. E., & Song, X. M. (1994). Identifying new product successes in China. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 11(1), pp. 15-30. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0737-6782(94)90116-3
Perry, N., Candlot, A., & Corne, S. (2010). Collaborative Knowledge Networks Emergence for Innovation: Factors of Success Analysis and Comparison. Journal of Decision Systems, 19(1), pp. 75-91.
R. Drazin, A. H. V. d. V. (1985). Alternative forms of fit in contingency theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30(4), pp. 514-540.
Rahimli, A. (2012). Knowledge Management and Competitive Advantage. Information & Knowledge Management (2224-896X), 2(7).
Rindfleisch, A., & Moorman, C. (2001). The acquisition and utilization of information in new product alliances:A strength-of-ties perspective. Journal o f Marketing, 65, pp. 1-18.
Ritter, T., & Gemünden, H. G. (2003). Network competence: its impact on innovation success and its antecedents. Journal of Business Research, 56(9), pp. 745-755.
Rodríguez-Elias, O. M., Morán, A. L., Lavandera, J. I., & Vizcaíno, A. (2014). Improving Knowledge Flow Management in a Mexican Manufacturing Firm.
Rowley, J. E. (2002). Reflections on customer knowledge management in e-business. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 5(4), pp. 268-280.
Schulz, M. (2001). The uncertain relevance of newness: Organizational learning and knowledge flows. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), pp. 661-681.
Tohidi, H., & Jabbari, M. M. (2012). Product Innovation Performance in Organization. Procedia Technology, 1(0), pp. 521-523. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.02.112
Tomas, G., & Hult, M. (2003). An integration of thoughts on knowledge management. Decision Sciences, 34(2), 189-195.
Tsai, W. (2001). Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), pp. 996-1004.
Wang, Z., & Wang, N. (2012). Knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(10), pp. 8899-8908. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.017
Yeşil, S., Koska, A., & Büyükbeşe, T. (2013). Knowledge Sharing Process, Innovation Capability and Innovation Performance: An Empirical Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75(0), pp. 217-225. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.025
Zhen, L., Wang, L., & Li, J.-G. (2013). A design of knowledge management tool for supporting product development. Information Processing & Management, 49(4), pp. 884-894. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2013.01.008
Zhuge, H. (2002a). Knowledge flow management for distributed team software development. Knowledge-Based Systems, 15(8), pp. 465-471..
Zhuge, H. (2002b). A knowledge flow model for peer-to-peer team knowledge sharing and management. Expert Systems with Applications, 23(1), pp. 23-30.
بدری آذین، ی. ، سید عامری، م.، ایمان پور، ع. (1390). تحلیل رگرسیونی رابطة بین اجزای مدیریت دانش و عملکرد منابع انسانی. مدیریت ورزشی، 15، صص.35-50.
صباغچى، س. ، قاضى نورى، س. ، الهى، ش. (1390). انتخاب ابزارهاى مدیریت دانش در توسعة محصول جدید نرم افزارى. بهبود مدیریت، (5) 2، صص.80-100.
صفرزاده ح.، تدین ا.، حر محمدی م.(1390). بررسی تأثیر استراتژی‌های مدیریت دانش بر نوآوری و عملکرد سازمانی. فصلنامه علمی‌پژوهشی دانشکده یزد (11)1، صص.76-87.
طالقانی، غ.، انواری، ع. ، افتخاری، ل. (1391). رابطه بین مدیریت دانش و نوآوری سازمانی در یک شرکت بیمه. پژوهشنامه بیمه، (27)1، صص. 151-171.
میرفخرالدینی، س.، حاتمی‌نسب، س.، طالعی فر، ر.، کنجکاو منفرد، ا. (1389). مدیریت دانش، نوآوری دانش و عملکرد نوآوری در شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط. چشم‌انداز مدیریت بازرگانی (35)2، صص. 103-118.
یوسفی ا.، فیضی ج.، سلیمانی م.(1391).بررسی میزان تأثیر مدیریت دانش بر نوآوری. ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی، (1)3، صص.30-53.
 جهانشیر، ح. و همت پور، ر. (1387). دانایی و ضرورت بکارگیری مدیریت دانش شبکه ای در سازمان ارزش آفرین. هفتمین همایش مراکز تحقیق و توسعه صنایع و معادن.
صدقیانی، ج. تولایی، ر.، بامداد صوفی ، رضائیان، ع. و صالحی، ج. (1393). ارائه الگوی توسعه شبکه‌های دانش در‌هاب‌های پژوهش و فناوری صنعت نفت با استفاده از الگوهای جهانی. فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی مطالعات راهبردی جهانی شدن  .
 نژاد طالب، ا . (1389). شبکة دانش وراهبردهای مدیریت دانش فردی و مدیریت دانش سازمانی. اولین همایش ملی مدیریت.