مفهوم پردازی تطبیقی «تدارکات عمومی حامی توانمندسازی» در مقایسه با تدارکات عمومی حامی نوآوری: گامی به سوی پیاده‌ سازی پیوست فناوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1- پژوهشگر پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری علم، فناوری و صنعت دانشگاه صنعتی شریف 2- دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده مهندسی صنایع دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری علم، فناوری و صنعت دانشگاه صنعتی شریف

4 عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده پیشرفت دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

با توجه به عدم موفقیت سیاست‌های ساخت داخل در ایران و بسیاری از کشورهای درحال‌توسعه، «تدارکات عمومی حامی نوآوری» می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک سیاست نوآوری در طرف تقاضا مبنای نظری برای پیاده‌سازی پیوست فناوری در کشور فراهم نماید؛ اما کشورهای درحال‌توسعه از ویژگی‌هایی متمایز از اقتصادهای توسعه‌یافته برخوردارند که یکی از مهم‌ترین آن‌ها فقدان توانمندی‌های فناورانه در میان تأمین‌کنندگان است که نقشی محوری در همپایی فناورانه آن‌ها دارد. مقاله پیش رو مفهوم جدید «تدارکات عمومی حامی توانمندسازی» را مبتنی بر شواهد به‌دست‌آمده از پروژه‌های انتقال فناوری ده گروه کالای راهبردی در صنعت نفت کشورمان توسعه می‌دهد که توسعه‌ای بر سیاست تدارکات عمومی حامی نوآوری محسوب می‌شود. این سیاست توانمندسازی تأمین‌کنندگان را در محوریت خود قرار می‌دهد. این مطالعه چالش‌های مشترک متعددی را میان این دو سیاست برمی‌شمرد، ازجمله نیاز به تغییرات سازمانی در تدارک دهندگان دولتی، مدیریت ریسک، بهره‌گیری از ساختارهای میانجیگر نوآوری (دانشی) و انجام اصلاحات حقوقی؛ اما دو تمایز اساسی نیز به‌عنوان ویژگی مختص «تدارکات عمومی حامی توانمندسازی» مفهوم‌پردازی شد: 1) توانمندسازی تأمین‌کنندگان به‌عنوان هدف اصلی سیاست، 2) استقرار نظام پایش و ارزیابی دوسویه که هم توانمندی تأمین‌کنندگان و هم محصول تدارک داده‌شده را توأمان رصد و ارزیابی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Conceptualisation of ‘Public Procurement for Capability Building’ (PPCB) In Relation to Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI): A Step Towards Implementation of Iranian Technology Annex

نویسندگان [English]

  • Najmoddin Yazdi 1
  • Abdollah Jassbi 2
  • Ali Maleki 3
  • Ali Bonyadi Naeini 4
1 1- Researcher at The research Institute for Science, Technology and Industry Policy (RISTIP); Sharif University of Technology 2- PhD student of Science and Technology Policy, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
2 Faculty member at Industrial Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant professor at The research Institute for Science, Technology and Industry Policy (RISTIP); Sharif University of Technology;
4 Faculty member of Progress Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST)
چکیده [English]

Considering the failure of local content policies (LCPs) in Iran and many developing countries, ‘Public procurement for innovation’ (PPI) as a trending demand-side innovation policy could provide a new theoretical basis for implementation of Technology Annex in the country. However, developing countries are of specificities compared with advanced economies, from which lack of technological capabilities of suppliers has a pivotal role in technological catch-up. The present paper suggests the new concept ‘public procurement for capability building’ (PPCB) based on the technology transfer projects of ten strategic groups of high-tech products based on the evidences of the case of Ten Strategic Equipment Groups in the oil industry of Iran, which is in fact an extension to PPI concept. The suggested concept puts building suppliers’ capabilities as the main goal of the policy.
The study showed various commonalities between these two policies, including needs for organisational changes in public procurers, risk management, utilising innovation (knowledge) intermediaries, and legal adjustment. However, two critical distinctions were conceptualised for PPCB, including 1) capability building as the main goal of the policy, and 2) establishment of a dual-track evaluation system which monitors and evaluates both the suppliers’ capabilities and the procured products.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Public Procurement for Capability Building (PPCB)
  • Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI)
  • Iranian Technology Annex
  • Technological Capabilities of Suppliers
  • Local Content Policies

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 مهر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 04 شهریور 1398

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