Investigating the governance structure in technology and innovation policy in Iran based on policy networks analysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Research Fellow, NRISP, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Governance is the result of officially announced rules (policies, laws, etc.) and informal interactions of actors in policy networks. In other words, the policy network depended on the power of a set of governmental and non-governmental actors involved in public policy-making, both formally and informally with institutional connections. In this article, the current situation of governance at four levels and based on the rules and regulations as well as the opinions of experts in the current situation is reviewed using social network analysis. Using the indicators of the position of actors in the network, their influence and their competence, these two situations are compared with each other which provides the basis for providing policy proposals is at all four levels. By comparing these findings with the perceived competency and influence, the proposals are in such forms: increasing the competency and influence of institutions that, despite their high power in the legal system and the opinion of experts, have little competence and influence; Strengthen the legal status of institutions that have high competence and influence and high power from the perspective of experts; And reviewing the missions and roles of institutions that, despite their high competency and influence and high legal status, did not have high power from the perspective of experts.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Bainbridge, John Michael, Tavis Potts and Tim Gerard O’Higgins. 2011. “Rapid Policy Network Mapping: A New Method for Understanding Governance Structures for Implementation of Marine Environmental Policy”. PLoS ONE
Behrouz, A.H, Pourezat, A.A, Dezhpasand, F and Amiri. M. 2019. "Pathology of research and technology budgeting in Iran using meta-composite method". Innovation Management 8: 85–122.
Borras, Susana. 2008. “The Widening and Deepening of Innovation Policy : What Conditions Provide for Effective Governance ?” Europe-Latin America Conference on Science and Innovation Policy, 1–23.
Borzel, T. 1998. “Organizing Babylon‐On the Different Conceptions of Policy Networks”. Public Administration.
Bodin, Ö., Mancilla García, M. and Robins, G., 2020. "Reconciling conflict and cooperation in environmental governance: A social network perspective". Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45, pp.471-495.
Cristofoli, D, J Markovic and M Meneguzzo. 2014. “Governance, Management and Performance in Public Networks: How to Be Successful in Shared Governance Networks”. Journal of Management &.
Erridge, Andrew and Jonathan Greer. 2000. “Policy Network Analysis of UK Central Government Civil Procurement”. Public Policy and Administration 15: 25–49.
Fartash, K, Eliasi M, Ghazi Nouri, S, and Tabatabaiian, S.H. 2017. "Policy learning in Iran's technology development and innovation policies (studying the laws of the third, fourth and fifth development programs)". Innovation Management 6: 1–30.
Haji Hosseini, H, and Karimian Z. 2018. "The process of policymaking and governance of science, technology and innovation". Science and Technology Policy Special 11: 71–86.
Hileman, Jacob, Marco T A Bastos and Mark Lubell. 2018. “Robustness and the Paradox of Bridging Organizations: The Exit Problem in Regional Water Governance Networks in Central America”. society & natural resources 31: 683–97.
Hileman, Jacob and Mark Lubell. 2018. “The Network Structure of Multilevel Water Resources Governance in Central America”. ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Hu, Xiao, Tianyu Ying, Brent Lovelock and Sarah Mager. 2019. “Sustainable Water Demand Management in the Hotel Sector: A Policy Network Analysis of Singapore”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 27: 1686–1707.
Jahandideh, S, Rahmati M.H, and Zarei Mateen, H. 2016. "Designing a model for network policy making in the field of tourism in the country". Organizational culture management
Karimian, Z, Mohammadi, M, Zulfiqarzadeh Kermani, M.M, and Ghazi Noori, S.S. 2018. "Investigating the historical evolution of innovation policy in Iran with a network governance approach". Improve management.
Karimian, Z, Mohammadi, M, Ghazi Nouri, S.S, and Zulfiqarzadeh, M.M. 2021. "Analysis of the political network of role players in the implementation of policies, a case study of customs, tax and financing protections in the law of support for knowledge-based companies". Strategic Studies in Public Policy 11: 22–45.
Klijn, E H, J Koppenjan and Cjam Termeer. 1995. “Managing Networks in the Public Sector - A Theoretical Study OF Management Strategies IN Policy Networks”. Public Administration 73: 437–54.
Laranja, Manuel. 2012. “Network Governance of Innovation Policies: The Technological Plan in Portugal”. Science and Public Policy 39: 655–68.
Morçöl, Göktug. 2014. “Complex Governance Networks: An Assessment of the Advances and Prospects*”. Complexity, Governance & Networks 1: 5–16.
Morçöl, Göktuğ. 2012. A Complexity Theory for Public Policy. Routledge.
Mohammadi Kangarani, H, and Rafsanjaninejad, S. 2014. "Investigation of the power structure in the water policy and management network in the fourth development plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran". Public Policy Quarterly 1: 121–38.
Narimani, M, and Shujaati, A. 1400. "Evolutionary economics approach to technology and innovation policymaking: a case study of the programs of the President's Science and Technology Office in Iran". Innovation Management 9: 35–66.
Provan, Keith G. and H. Brinton Milward. 1995. “A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems”. Administrative Science Quarterly 40: 1.
Salmanicheraghabadi, A., Poursaeed, A., Bayramzadeh, V. and Eshraghi-Samani, R., 2021. "Social network analysis of sustainable forest management actors in Zagros Region". Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(23), pp.1-13.
Sauer, I.J., Roca, E. and Villares, M., 2021. "Integrating climate change adaptation in coastal governance of the Barcelona metropolitan area". Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 26(4), pp.1-27.
Sharifzadeh, F, Haqi A.S, Hosseinpour D, and Mirmohammadi S. 2017. "Presenting a model with a network approach to entrepreneurship policy making". Public management research.
Turner, R.A., Forster, J., Peterson, A.M., Mahon, R. and Fitzsimmons, C., 2020. "Information brokerage in Caribbean coral reef governance networks". Environmental Conservation, 47(4), pp.284-294.
2016. “Science , Technology and Innovation Policy Review The Islamic Republic of Iran”. United Nation, 112.
Vignola, Raffaele, Timothy L. McDaniels and Roland W. Scholz. 2013. “Governance Structures for Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: Using Policy-Network Analysis to Identify Key Organizations for Bridging Information across Scales and Policy Areas”. Environmental Science and Policy 31: 71–84.
Vignola, Raffaele, Timothy L Mcdaniels and Roland W Scholz. 2013. “Governance Structures for Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: Using Policy Network Analysis to Identify Key Organizations for Bridging Information across Scales and Policy Areas”. Environmental Science and Policy 31: 71–84.
Wasserman, S. and K. Faust. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 17 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 22 February 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics