Innovation Management Journal

Innovation Management Journal

Identifying the Role of Universities in Regional Innovation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hamed Talebi 1
Mohsen Alizadeh sani 2
Javad Soltanzadeh 3
Mostafa Mohsenikiasari 4
1 PhD student in Management, Science and Technology Policy, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran.
10.22034/imj.2025.491554.2870
Abstract
A better understanding of the impact of universities on regional innovation systems can lead to improved collaborations and the creation of effective solutions to enhance local capabilities and increase economic competitiveness. Therefore, this research aims to systematically review the existing literature on the role of universities in regional innovation systems to identify relevant components, using the Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes (ADO) model.
In addition, this study employs the PRISMA framework to select 42 articles related to the role of universities in regional innovation systems. The results indicate that the antecedents include the development and management of knowledge bases, attracting human capital and talent, the existence of connections between universities and other stakeholders, government support, providing and improving infrastructure, access to financial resources, and support for innovation and entrepreneurship. The decisions include promoting and sharing knowledge, training human resources, aligning educational programs with regional needs, collaborating strategies with companies, collaborating strategies with the government, and enhancing innovation capacities. The outcomes include the application and commercialization of knowledge, the development of human resources, facilitating and strengthening cooperation among stakeholders, improving the quality of life for citizens, addressing and solving community problems, regional branding, cultural development and strengthening, enhancing entrepreneurship and innovation, increasing business competitiveness, raising employment rates, and economic transformation. These results can help policymakers develop more effective strategies to strengthen university-industry collaboration. Also, financial and infrastructure support for universities should be prioritized to contribute to sustainable development and enhance regional economic competitiveness. Strengthening connections between universities and other stakeholders, especially in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship, can lead to the creation of a conducive environment for economic and social growth.
Keywords
Higher Education
Innovation System
Regional Innovation system
ADO Model
Systematic Literature Review
Subjects
 احمدی، مسعود، نقی زاده، محمد، قاضی نوری، سید سروش، گودرزی، مهدی، و پاک سرشت، سعید(1401). عوامل مؤثر بر یادگیری فناورانه شرکت‌ها در پروژه‌های همکاری تحقیقاتی با دانشگاه‌ها و مراکز پژوهشی(مورد مطالعه: صنایع نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی. مدیریت نوآوری، 1(11)،88-63.
جمینی، داود، و جمشیدی، علیرضا(1400). مدل‌سازی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعة شاخص‌های کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی ایران نمونة پژوهش: منطقة اورامانات، استان کرمانشاه، 11(3)،94-73.
 دارابی، سلمان، عزیزی، نعمت اله، سلیمی، جمال، و شیربیگی، ناصر(1398). تاملی بر شاخص‌های پایداری دانشگاهی: واکاوی دیدگاه سیاستگذاران و برنامه ریزان آموزش عالی، فصلنامه مطالعات برنامه ریزی آموزشی، 15(8)،55-19.
ریاحی، پریسا، و دانایی فرد، حسن(1398). سیاست‌های علم و فناوری برای تقویت نظام ‌های منطقه‌ای نوآوری، فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی سیاست علم و فناوری 12(2)،193-208.
فرتاش، کیارش، برامکی، طوبی، و قربانی، امیر(1402). ارائه چارچوب و تحلیل چالش‌های سمت دانشگاه در ارتباط صنعت- دانشگاه. مدیریت نوآوری.
Arbo, P., & Benneworth, P. (2007). Understanding the regional contribution of higher education institutions: A literature review. doi:10.1787/161208155312.
Asheim, B. T., & Coenen, L. (2005). Knowledge bases and regional innovation systems: Comparing Nordic clusters. Research policy, 34(8), 1173-1190. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.013
Bakouros, Y. L., Mardas, D. C., & Varsakelis, N. C. (2002). Science park, a high tech fantasy?: an analysis of the science parks of Greece. Technovation, 22(2), 123-128. DOI:10.1016/S0166-4972(00)00087-0.
Barra, C., & Zotti, R. (2018). The contribution of university, private and public sector resources to Italian regional innovation system (in) efficiency. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 432-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9539-7.
Barra, C., Maietta, O. W., & Zotti, R. (2019). Academic excellence, local knowledge spillovers and innovation in Europe. Regional Studies, 53(7), 1058-1069.* DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2018.1540865.
Bathelt, H., Kogler, D. F., & Munro, A. K. (2010). A knowledge-based typology of university spin-offs in the context of regional economic development. Technovation, 30(9-10), 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2010.04.003.
Benneworth, P., & Hospers, G. J. (2007). The new economic geography of old industrial regions: Universities as global—local pipelines. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 25(6), 779-802.* DOI:10.1068/c0620.
Benneworth, P., Pinheiro, R., & Karlsen, J. (2017). Strategic agency and institutional change: Investigating the role of universities in regional innovation systems (RISs). Regional studies, 51(2), 235-248.* DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2016.1215599.
Berghaeuser, H., & Hoelscher, M. (2020). Reinventing the third mission of higher education in Germany: political frameworks and universities’ reactions. Tertiary Education and Management, 26(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11233-019-09030-3.
Birkner, Z., Mészáros, Á., & Szabó, I. (2022). Handling regional research, development and innovation (RDI) disparities in Hungary: New measures of university-based innovation ecosystem. Regional Statistics, 12(4), 27-55.* DOI:10.15196/RS120402.
Blass, E., & Hayward, P. (2014). Innovation in higher education; will there be a role for “the academe/university” in 2025?. European Journal of Futures Research, 2, 1-9.
Brekke, T. (2021). What do we know about the university contribution to regional economic development? A conceptual framework. International Regional Science Review, 44(2), 229-261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0160017620909538.
Brescia, F., Colombo, G., & Landoni, P. (2016). Organizational structures of Knowledge Transfer Offices: an analysis of the world’s top-ranked universities. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41, 132-151.* https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-014-9384-5.
Brown, R. (2016). Mission impossible? Entrepreneurial universities and peripheral regional innovation systems. Industry and innovation, 23(2), 189-205.* https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1145575.
Budyldina, N. (2018). Entrepreneurial universities and regional contribution. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 14(2), 265-277.*doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0500-0.
Cai, Y., & Liu, C. (2015). The roles of universities in fostering knowledge-intensive clusters in Chinese regional innovation systems. Science and Public Policy, 42(1), 15-29.* DOI:10.1093/scipol/scu018.
Caniëls, M. C., & Van den Bosch, H. (2011). The role of higher education institutions in building regional innovation systems. Papers in Regional Science, 90(2), 271-287.* https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2010.00344.x.
Charles, D. (2006). Universities as key knowledge infrastructures in regional innovation systems. Innovation: the European journal of social science research, 19(1), 117-130.*https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610600608013.
Chatterton P, Goddard J (2000) The response of higher education institutions to regional needs. European Journal of Education 35: 475–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-3435.00041.
Coenen, L. (2007). The role of universities in the regional innovation systems of the North East of England and Scania, Sweden: providing missing links?. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 25(6), 803-821.* DOI:10.1068/c0579.
Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G., & Etxebarria, G. (1997). Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organisational dimensions. Research policy, 26(4-5), 475-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00025-5.
da Rosa Pires, A., & de Castro, E. A. (1997). Can a strategic project for a university be strategic to regional development?. Science and public policy, 24(1), 15-20.* https://doi.org/10.1093/spp/24.1.15.
Darabi, S., Azizi, N., salimi, J., & shirbagi, N. (2019). A Reflection on Academic Sustainability Indicators: Analyzing the Views of Higher Education Policy Makers and Planners. Journal of Educational Planning Studies, 8(15), 19-55. doi: 10.22080/eps.2019.2492.doi: 10.22080/eps.2019.2492.
Demircioglu, M. A., & Audretsch, D. B. (2019). Public sector innovation: the effect of universities. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44, 596-614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9636-2.
Doughan, Y. A. R. (2020). Factors of production, economic growth, and sustainable development. In Decent Work and Economic Growth (pp. 427-439). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95867-5_121.
Eriksson, R. H., & Forslund, F. (2014). How do universities contribute to employment growth? The role of human capital and knowledge bases. European Planning Studies, 22(12), 2584-2604. DOI: 10.1080/09654313.2013.849227.
Etzkowitz H, Leydesdorff L (2000) The dynamics of innovation: From national systems and ‘mode 2’ to a triple helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy 29: 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4.
Etzkowitz, H. (2002). Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks. Science and public policy, 29(2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154302781781056.
Firsova, A. A., Makarova, E. L., & Tugusheva, R. R. (2020). Institutional management elaboration through cognitive modeling of the balanced sustainable development of regional innovation systems. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(2), 32.* https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020032.
Fonseca, L. (2019). Designing regional development? Exploring the University of Aveiro's role in the innovation policy process. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 6(1), 186-202. DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2019.1584050.
Fonseca, L., & Nieth, L. (2021). The role of universities in regional development strategies: A comparison across actors and policy stages. European Urban and Regional Studies, 28(3), 298-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776421999743.
Fritsch, M., & Slavtchev, V. (2007). Universities and innovation in space. Industry and innovation, 14(2), 201-218. DOI:10.1080/13662710701253466.
Goddard, J., Hazelkorn, E., & Vallance, P. (Eds.). (2016). The civic university: The policy and leadership challenges. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Goethner, M., Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Cantner, U. (2012). Scientists’ transition to academic entrepreneurship: Economic and psychological determinants. Journal of economic psychology, 33(3), 628-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.12.002.
Gunasekara, C. (2006). The generative and developmental roles of universities in regional innovation systems. Science and public policy, 33(2), 137-150.* DOI:10.3152/147154306781779118.
Harrison, R. T., & Leitch, C. (2010). Voodoo institution or entrepreneurial university? Spin-off companies, the entrepreneurial system and regional development in the UK. Regional Studies, 44(9), 1241-1262. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400903167912.
Hauge, E. S., Pinheiro, R. M., & Zyzak, B. (2018). Knowledge bases and regional development: collaborations between higher education and cultural creative industries. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 24(4), 485-503.* https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2016.1218858.
Holland BA (2001) Toward a definition and characterization of the engaged campus: Six cases. Metropolitan Universities 12: 20–29.
Jaeger, A., & Kopper, J. (2014). Third mission potential in higher education: measuring the regional focus of different types of HEIs. Review of Regional Research, 34, 95-118.*doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10037-014-0091-3.
Jamini, D., & Jamshidi, A. (2021). Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship Indicators in Rural Areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province). Spatial Planning, 11(3), 73-94.doi: 10.22108/sppl.2021.128388.1576.
Jiao, H., Zhou, J., Gao, T., & Liu, X. (2016). The more interactions the better? The moderating effect of the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge on the relationship between R&D investment and regional innovation systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 110, 13-20.* https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.03.025.
Kauffeld-Monz, M., & Fritsch, M. (2013). Who are the knowledge brokers in regional systems of innovation? A multi-actor network analysis. Regional Studies, 47(5), 669-685.* https://doi.org/10.1080/00343401003713365.
Kindt, A. M., Geissler, M., & Bühling, K. (2022). Be my (little) partner?!—Universities' role in regional innovation systems when large firms are rare. Journal of Regional Science, 62(5), 1274-1295.* https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12596.
Kochetkov, D. M., Larionova, V. A., & Vukovic, D. B. (2017). Entrepreneurial capacity of universities and its impact on regional economic growth. DOI:10.17059/2017-2-13.
Kolomytseva, O., & Pavlovska, A. (2020). The role of universities in the national innovation system. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 6(1), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-1-51-58.
Kolympiris, C., & Klein, P. G. (2017). The effects of academic incubators on university innovation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 11(2), 145-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1242.
Krasikova, T., Ognev, D., & Kirilenko, A. (2014). Role of universities in the regional innovation system formation. Економічний часопис-ХХІ, (3-4 (1)), 90-92.* http://jnas.nbuv.gov.ua/article/UJRN-0000220411.
Kreiling, L., Serval, S., Peres, R., & Bounfour, A. (2020). University technology transfer organizations: Roles adopted in response to their regional innovation system stakeholders. Journal of Business Research, 119, 218-229.* https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.031.
Lauto, G., Bau', M., & Compagno, C. (2013). Individual and institutional drivers of technology transfer in open innovation. Industry and Higher Education, 27(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.136.
Lincoln, Y. S., & E. G. Guba, (1985). Naturalistic inquiry, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Lis, M. (2021). Higher education institutions as partners in growing innovation of local economy. Social Sciences, 10(8), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080316.
Malairaja, C., & Zawdie, G. (2008). Science parks and university–industry collaboration in Malaysia. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 20(6), 727-739. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320802426432.
Marginson, S. (2010). Higher education in the global knowledge economy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(5), 6962-6980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.05.049.
Medina-Bueno, J. L., Guimón, J., Uyarra, E., & Sánchez Barrioluengo, M. (2024). Universities as catalysts of change in locked-in and vulnerable resource-based regions of the Global South. Regional Studies, 1-14.* https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2024.2326172.
Meetei, L. A., Bhattacharjya, B. R., & Bhowmick, B. (2024). The Role of Universities in the Innovation Systems in the Developing Countries. Foresight and STI Governance, 18(1), 58-67.* DOI:10.17323/2500-2597.2024.1.58.67.
Morawska-Jancelewicz, J. (2022). The role of universities in social innovation within quadruple/quintuple helix model: Practical implications from polish experience. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(3), 2230-2271.* https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00804-y.
Niosi, J., & Banik, M. (2005). The evolution and performance of biotechnology regional systems of innovation. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 29(3), 343-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei044.
Noordzij, M., Hooft, L., Dekker, F. W., Zoccali, C., & Jager, K. J. (2009). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: when they are useful and when to be careful. Kidney international, 76(11), 1130-1136. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.339.
Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2015). A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1954824.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2007). Higher education and regions: Globally competitive, regionally engaged. Paris: OECD.
Padilla-Meléndez, A., Del Aguila-Obra, A. R., & Lockett, N. (2013). Shifting sands: Regional perspectives on the role of social capital in supporting open innovation through knowledge transfer and exchange with small and medium-sized enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 31(3), 296-318.* DOI:10.1177/0266242612467659.
Parker, R., & Lundgren, P. (2022). The role of universities in transformative innovation policy. Science and Public Policy, 49(2), 159-167.* https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scab070.
Petraite, M., Mubarak, M. F., Rimantas, R., & Von Zedtwitz, M. (2022). The role of international networks in upgrading national innovation systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 184, 121873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121873.
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2008). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9780470754887.
Pino, R. M., & Ortega, A. M. (2018). Regional innovation systems: Systematic literature review and recommendations for future research. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1463606. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2018.1463606.
Power, D., & Malmberg, A. (2008). The contribution of universities to innovation and economic development: in what sense a regional problem?. Cambridge journal of regions, economy and society, 1(2), 233-245.* DOI:10.1093/cjres/rsn006.
Puukka, J., & Marmolejo, F. (2008). Higher education institutions and regional mission: Lessons learnt from the OECD review project. Higher Education Policy, 21, 217-244.* DOI:10.1057/hep.2008.7.
Ramos-Vielba, I., Fernández-Esquinas, M., & Espinosa-de-los-Monteros, E. (2010). Measuring university–industry collaboration in a regional innovation system. Scientometrics, 84(3), 649-667.* DOI:10.1007/s11192-009-0113-z.
Rangaa, M., & Etzkowitz, H. (2013). Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society. Industry and Higher Education, 27(4), 237–262. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0165.
Rehák, Š., Šipikal, M., & Lešková, A. (2019). Evolution of University Third Mission Activities in Slovakia: What Role for a Public Policy?. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 23(1), 119-135.* https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v23i1.1165.
Reichert, S. (2019). The role of universities in regional innovation ecosystems. EUA study, European University Association, Brussels, Belgium.*
Riahi, P., & Fard, H. D. (2019). Science, technology and innovation policies to strengthen regional innovation systems. Journal of, 11(2). (In persian). 20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.13.8.
Rosli, A., & Cacciolatti, L. (2022). The role of universities in the development of the local knowledge base: supporting innovation ecosystems through skills development and entrepreneurship. International Journal of Intellectual Property Management, 12(1), 64-87.* https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIPM.2022.121018.
Saad, M., Datta, S., & Razak, A. A. (2017). University–industry relationships in developing countries: Opportunities and challenges in Algeria, Indonesia, Malaysia and India. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 16(2), 175-190.* DOI:10.1386/tmsd.16.2.1751.
Sannikova, I. N., Bulatova, G. A., & Kuzina, E. V. (2022). Assessing the Contribution of Higher Education to Regional Development. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 22(1).* DOI: https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v22i1.4965.
Schaeffer, P. R., Fischer, B., & Queiroz, S. (2018). Beyond education: The role of research universities in innovation ecosystems. Форсайт, 12(2 (eng)), 50-61.* DOI:10.17323/2500-2597.2018.2.50.61.
Singh, A., Wong, P. K., & Ho, Y. P. (2015). The role of universities in the national innovation systems of China and the East Asian NIEs: An exploratory analysis of publications and patenting data. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 23(2), 140-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2015.1074515.
Sjöö, K., & Hellström, T. (2019). University–industry collaboration: A literature review and synthesis. Industry and higher education, 33(4), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422219829697.
Smith, H. L., Chapman, D., Wood, P., Barnes, T., & Romeo, S. (2014). Entrepreneurial academics and regional innovation systems: the case of spin-offs from London's universities. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(2), 341-359.* https://doi.org/10.1068/c11159b.
Strotebeck, F. (2014). Running with the pack? The role of Universities of applied science in a German research network. Review of Regional Research, 2(34), 139-156.* DOI:10.1007/s10037-014-0090-4.
Taxt, R. E., Robinson, D. K., Schoen, A., & Fløysand, A. (2022). The embedding of universities in innovation ecosystems: The case of marine research at the University of Bergen. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 76(1), 42-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2022.2041718.
Templier, M., & Paré, G. (2015). A framework for guiding and evaluating literature reviews. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 37(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.03706.
Theeranattapong, T., Pickernell, D., & Simms, C. (2021). Systematic literature review paper: The regional innovation system-university-science park nexus. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 46(6), 2017-2050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-020-09837-y.
Thomas, E., & Pugh, R. (2020). From ‘entrepreneurial’to ‘engaged’universities: social innovation for regional development in the Global South. Regional Studies, 54(12), 1631-1643. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1749586.
Thomas, E., Faccin, K., & Asheim, B. T. (2021). Universities as orchestrators of the development of regional innovation ecosystems in emerging economies. Growth and change, 52(2), 770-789. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12442.
Tiffin, S., & Kunc, M. (2011). Measuring the roles universities play in regional innovation systems: a comparative study between Chilean and Canadian natural resource-based regions. Science and Public Policy, 38(1), 55-66.* DOI:10.3152/016502611X12849792159317.
Tödtling, F., & Kaufmann, A. (2002). SMEs in regional innovation systems and the role of innovation support--The case of upper Austria. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013140318907.
Trippl, M., Sinozic, T., & Lawton Smith, H. (2015). The role of universities in regional development: Conceptual models and policy institutions in the UK, Sweden and Austria. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1722-1740.* DOI:10.1080/09654313.2015.1052782.
Tseng, F. C., Huang, M. H., & Chen, D. Z. (2020). Factors of university–industry collaboration affecting university innovation performance. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 45, 560-577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9656-6.
Vallance, P., Blažek, J., Edwards, J., & Květoň, V. (2018). Smart specialisation in regions with less-developed research and innovation systems: A changing role for universities?. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(2), 219-238.* https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654417705137.
Veugelers, R., & Del Rey, E. (2014). The contribution of universities to innovation, (regional) growth and employment. EENEE analytical report, 18.
Wakkee, I., Van der Sijde, P., Vaupell, C., & Ghuman, K. (2019). The university's role in sustainable development: Activating entrepreneurial scholars as agents of change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.013.
Warnecke, C. (2018). New survey data on the role of universities in the German regional innovation system. Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 238(6), 601-608.* https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0159.
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of planning education and research, 39(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971.
Yao, W., Li, H., & Weng, M. (2018). The role the university could play in an inclusive regional innovation system. Triple Helix, 5(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-018-0058-4.
Zemtsov, S., & Kotsemir, M. (2019). An assessment of regional innovation system efficiency in Russia: the application of the DEA approach. Scientometrics, 120(2), 375-404. DOI:10.1007/s11192-019-03130-y.
Zhou, Y., Sawang, S., & Yang, X. (2016). Understanding the regional innovation capacity in China after economic reforms. International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(06), 1650057.* https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919616500572.
 

  • Receive Date 18 June 2024
  • Revise Date 07 August 2024
  • Accept Date 31 August 2024